Introduction to animal husbandry

Introduction to Animal Husbandry

Animal can be defined as the "science of looking after and breeding animals especially those animal used.

In agriculture for production purpose research purpose or as domestic pet. it is a branch on agriculture concerned with the practices of scientist methods or animal breeding feeding management and disease control.

Scope of animal husbandry covers raising of food and pet animal following a deligent selection of breeds,proper feeding, adequate housing, good health care, hygiene slaughtering processing and marketing

Branches of animal husbandry

There are seven branches of animal husbandry

1) Breeding and genetics

2) Nutrition

3) Physiology and biochemistry

4) Processing

5) Pasture and range management

6) Marketing

7) Record and account

Career opportunities in animal husbandry

1) Breeding and genetics

2) Poultry farming

3) Livestock farming

4) Hatchery engineering

5) Animal health

6) Quarantine programme

7) Marketing and distribution

Meat processing engineering

9) Seed milling

10) Pasture production

11) Laboratory analysis

12) Extension agency

Types of animal husbandry

1 Substance animal husbandry: this is a traditional way of keeping farm animal where animal are allowed erocam for food. The farmer provides the animal supplementry food and shelter at night

2) Commercial animal husbandry: The farmer is concerned with the processed large area of land is needed while large numbers of animal are rearer using stalled and hired labour. In consumer animal husbandry the use maches such as deheaker,egg incubator milking machine etc are necessary.

Farmer usually specialised in one spece of animal and farm records are kept

Importance of farm animal

1) Provision of food

2) Source of manure

3) Generation of employment opportunities

4) Source of income

5) Source of power

6) Mens of transportation

7) Provision of raw-materials

Entertainment, sport and games

9) Source of insurance

10) For festivals activities

11) As meajengers

12) For championship

13) Source of foreign exchange

14) For research purpose

15) As a gift

16) In medicine

17) For circumsision

Problems facing animal husbandry

1) inadequate frequency

2) Poor land tenure system

3) Unfavorable climatic system

4) High pest infection

5) Disease

6) Low level of technical know flow

7) Socio cultural constant

In consistency in government politics and politics inability

9) Poor research and training

10) Lack of infact structural development in rural area

11) Disposal of manure

Solutions to the problems of animal husbandry

1) Loans should be provided for animal agriculture

2) Good quantity stock proper housing and health care as well as processing and storage facilities should be provided

3) Feed constitudes the major input to animal production feed should be provided in terms of quantity and quality at the appropriate time

4) Livestock production knowledge and experience necessary to keep animal that are adopted to a particular locality

5) Research institudes should be able to product defeat and investigate animal disease lnadequate

6) Animal that are acceptable to culture should have pass in areas where people are predominchery Muslims

7) Literacy of animal handler should be able to reach labels on feed and they should received

Classification of farm animals

Classification is the process or grouping sorting and arranging of farm into categories according to shaped quantities or characteristics

The farm animals are classified into the following group

1) Livestock and Poultry

a livestock includes cattle, horses,sheep and goat, pigs, rabbit,cone rat, grass cutter etc

b poultry are winged animal e.g chicken, turkey, guinea,fowl, duck, quail,goose etc

2) Ruminant and non-ruminant

Ruminant referred to as polygastrics.they an even toed herbious animal with complex stomach is which are divided into four (4) compartmont or chambers which are

a) Remen: it is 80% or stomach it is the fermentation rat (A large buld) in mature cattle the remen can have a capacity of 200 liters

b) Reticulum: it is 5% or stomach

c) Omasum: it is 7% or stomach where cattle absorption takes place

d) Ahomasum: it is 8% or stomach it is the true stomach where proper digestibility occurs

Ruminant have the ability to eat, swallow feed and then bring back ( resuiration to swallowed feed to be rema stacated it rechaved mastiation- process of chewing